Is the taste of ice cream or a sip of hot coffee sometimes a painful experience for you? Does brushing or flossing make you wince occasionally? If so, you may have sensitive teeth. What are the causes of sensitive teeth?
Possible causes include:
Tooth decay (cavities)
Fractured teeth
Worn fillings
Worn tooth enamel
Exposed tooth root
In healthy teeth, a layer of enamel protects the crowns of your teeth—the part above the gum line. Under the gum line a layer called cementum protects the tooth root. Similarly underneath both the enamel and the cementum is dentin.
Dentin is less dense than enamel and cementum and contains microscopic tubules (small hollow tubes or canals). When dentin loses its protective covering of enamel or cementum these tubules allow heat and cold or acidic or sticky foods to reach the nerves and cells inside the tooth. Dentin may also be exposed when gums recede. The result can be hypersensitivity.
Treatments
Sensitive teeth is curable. The type of treatment will depend on what is causing the sensitivity. Your dentist may suggest one of a variety of treatments:
Desensitizing toothpaste
This contains compounds that help block transmission of sensation from the tooth surface to the nerve, and usually requires several applications.
An in-office technique which strengthens tooth enamel and reduces the transmission of sensations.
These may cure a flaw or decay that results in sensitivity.
Surgical gum graft
If gum tissue has been lost from the root, this will protect the root and reduce sensitivity.
If sensitivity is severe and persistent and cannot be treated by other means, your dentist may recommend this treatment to eliminate the problem.
Proper oral hygiene is the key to preventing sensitive-tooth pain. Ask your dentist if you have any questions about the causes of sensitive teeth or your daily oral hygiene routine.